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🔆 Multidimensional Poverty in India

📍 Key Statistics
✅ 14.96% headcount ratio of Multidimensional Poverty in 2019-21 (down from 24.85% in 2015-16), enroute to achieving target 1.2 of halving Multidimensional Poverty much before 2030

✅ 13.5 crore people lifted out of multidimensional poverty between 2015-16 and 2019-21, and 41.5 crore people lifted out between 2005-06 and 2019-21

✅ The intensity of poverty (average deprivation among multidimensionally poor) improved from about 47% in 2015-16 to 44% in 2019-21

📍 Rural and Urban Trends
✅ Fastest decline in percentage of multidimensional poor in rural areas: from 32.59% in 2015-16 to 19.28% in 2019-21

✅ Reduction in incidence of poverty in urban areas: from 8.65% in 2015-16 to 5.27% in 2019-21

📍 Vulnerable Groups and Regional Data
✅ India has the largest number of children living in multidimensional poverty — 1 in every 5 children is poor

✅ States of UP, Bihar, MP, Odisha, and Rajasthan recorded steepest decline in number of MPI poor

✅ Globally, 85% of multidimensionally poor people live in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

✅ 63 million Indians pushed into poverty yearly due to healthcare costs — almost two people every second

✅ Poverty levels among social groups:
• STs = 50.6%
• SCs = 33.3%
• OBCs = 27.2%
(5 out of every 6 people living in multidimensional poverty in India belong to disadvantaged tribes and castes)


#GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #Ethics #essay #social_issue #mains


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🔆 Why is India's Fertility Rate Declining?

📍 Key Reasons for Fertility Decline

✅ Increased Female Literacy & Workforce Participation – More women focusing on careers & education.
✅ Women’s Empowerment & Changing Aspirations – More financial independence, delayed marriages & childbirth.
✅ Social Attitude Shifts – Preference for higher education, jobs & financial stability over early motherhood.
✅ Rising Infertility & Abortions – Affecting both men & women, contributing to lower birth rates.
✅ Migration of Youngsters – Many opt for jobs abroad, reducing birth rates in their home states.

📍 The Way Forward

✅ Improve Socio-Economic Conditions – A better economy & job prospects can encourage family growth.
✅ Invest in Social & Health Sectors – Stronger healthcare & maternity support for working women.
✅ Learning from Global Trends – Avoid mistakes of countries like South Korea, where fertility rates failed to recover despite large investments.

#social_issues